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Myelofibrosis – Symptoms and diagnosis

Myelofibrosis – Symptoms and diagnosis

Myelofibrosis is a rare type of blood cancer that begins in the bone marrow, a soft tissue inside the bones. In most cases, the condition develops slowly, without triggering symptoms in the initial stages. But, as it progresses, one may notice signs like pale skin and fatigue. Those who develop the signs should consult a healthcare professional immediately. The doctor may then confirm or rule out the condition with certain tests.

Common signs

1. Fatigue and shortness of breath

The bone marrow is a tissue responsible for making different types of blood cells. Since myelofibrosis affects the bone marrow, the production of red blood cells (RBCs) can take a hit. RBCs are mainly responsible for transporting oxygen to different parts of the body. So when the number of these cells is low, the internal organs may not receive enough oxygen, leading to fatigue, weakness, and even shortness of breath.

2. Pale skin

When the number of RBCs in the body reduces, one may also notice their skin turning pale.

3. Frequent infections

Myelofibrosis may also affect the production of white blood cells (WBCs), which are responsible for fighting infections. When that happens, a person may develop neutropenia, a condition that increases the likelihood of infections.

4. Easy bruising and bleeding

Platelets are another type of blood cell that can be affected. When the platelet level is low, the body cannot form clots to stop bleeding. As a result, one may bleed, even from minor cuts and injuries. For the same reason, one may experience easy bruising, nosebleeds, and bleeding from the gums.

5. Pain below the ribs

Another common sign of myelofibrosis is an enlarged spleen or liver. The complication may trigger fullness or pain below the ribs, mainly on the left side.

Diagnostic tests

1. Blood tests

Doctors may suggest a few blood tests to diagnose myelofibrosis. For example, a complete blood count (CBC test) may be recommended to determine the number of different blood cells in the body. Another type of blood test called a peripheral blood smear (PBS) may also be done to check if the blood cells are abnormal in shape and size.

2. Imaging tests

An ultrasound may be suggested to check for an enlarged spleen. Similarly, an MRI may be done to screen the bone marrow.

3. Bone marrow tests

In this test, doctors examine a sample of the bone marrow or its fluid to check for myelofibrosis.

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